Page 140 - Demo

- 15 -- 10 -2 %u91cd%u5927%u6703%u8a08%u653f%u7b56(%u7e8c) 2 MATERIAL ACCOUNTING POLICIES (Continued)(h) %u79df%u8cc3 (h) Leases%u79df%u8cc3%u6703%u65bc%u5176%u751f%u6548%u65e5%u671f%u5728%u8ca1%u52d9%u72c0%u6cc1%u8868%u5167%u78ba%u8a8d%u70ba%u4f7f%u7528%u6b0a%u8cc7%u7522%u53ca%u76f8%u61c9%u7684%u79df%u8cc3%u8ca0%u50b5%uff0c%u60df%u6d89%u53ca%u79df%u8cc3%u671f%u70ba 12 %u500b%u6708%u6216%u4ee5%u4e0b%u7684%u77ed%u671f%u79df%u8cc3%u53ca%u4f4e%u50f9%u503c%u8cc7%u7522%u79df%u8cc3%u7684%u76f8%u95dc%u6b3e%u9805%uff0c%u6703%u5728%u79df%u8cc3%u671f%u5167%u4ee5%u76f4%u7dda%u6cd5%u8a08%u5165%u5168%u9762%u6536%u76ca%u8868%u3002%u4f7f%u7528%u6b0a%u8cc7%u7522%u6309%u6210%u672c%u50f9%u65bc%u6263%u9664%u7d2f%u7a4d%u6298%u820a%u984d%u5f8c%u8a08%u91cf%u3002%u8a72%u4f7f%u7528%u6b0a%u8cc7%u7522%u6309%u79df%u8cc3%u671f%u8207%u8cc7%u7522%u7684%u9810%u7b97%u53ef%u7528%u5e74%u671f%u5169%u8005%u4e2d%u8f03%u77ed%u8005%uff0c%u4ee5%u76f4%u7dda%u6cd5%u6298%u820a%u3002%u79df%u8cc3%u8ca0%u50b5%u6309%u79df%u8cc3%u671f%u5167%u61c9%u652f%u4ed8%u79df%u8cc3%u6b3e%u9805%u7684%u73fe%u503c%u8a08%u91cf%uff0c%u5176%u5f8c%u6309%u79df%u8cc3%u8ca0%u50b5%u8a08%u63d0%u7684%u5229%u606f%u8207%u6240%u652f%u4ed8%u7684%u79df%u8cc3%u6b3e%u9805%uff0c%u53ca%u6e90%u65bc%u4efb%u4f55%u79df%u8cc3%u8ca0%u50b5%u91cd%u4f30%u6216%u79df%u8cc3%u4fee%u6539%u7684%u91cd%u65b0%u8a08%u91cf%u800c%u8abf%u6574%u3002A lease is recognised in the statement of financial position as a right-of-use asset with a corresponding lease liability at the lease commencement date, except that payments associated with short-term leases having a lease term of 12 months or less and leases of low-value assets are charged to the statement of comprehensive income on a straight-line basis over the lease term. A right-of-use asset is measured at cost less accumulated depreciation. The right-of-use asset is depreciated on a straight-line basis over the shorter of the lease term and asset%u2019s estimated useful life. The lease liability is measured at the present value of the lease payments payable over the lease term, and subsequently adjusted by the effect of the interest on and the settlement of the lease liability, and the remeasurement arising from any reassessment of the lease liability or lease modification.(i) %u5916%u532f%u57fa%u91d1%u5b58%u6b3e (i) Placements with the Exchange Fund%u7528%u4f5c%u6295%u8cc7%u7684%u5916%u532f%u57fa%u91d1%u5b58%u6b3e%u5305%u62ec%u672c%u91d1%u7e3d%u984d%u548c%u5728%u5831%u544a%u65e5%u671f%u5df2%u5165%u5e33%u4f46%u5c1a%u672a%u63d0%u53d6%u7684%u5229%u606f%u3002%u7d50%u9918%u4ee5%u6524%u92b7%u6210%u672c%u8a08%u91cf%u3002Placements with the Exchange Fund for investment purpose include the total principal sums and any interest credited but not yet withdrawn at the reporting date. The balance is measured at amortised cost.(j) %u8b49%u5238%u6295%u8cc7 (j) Investments in securities%u7531%u5916%u8058%u6295%u8cc7%u7d93%u7406%u7ba1%u7406%u7684%u8b49%u5238%uff0c%u5728%u5167%u90e8%u6309%u516c%u5e73%u503c%u7ba1%u7406%u3001%u8a55%u4f30%u53ca%u532f%u5831%uff0c%u56e0%u6b64%u4ee5%u516c%u5e73%u503c%u900f%u904e%u76c8%u9918%u6216%u8667%u640d%u8a08%u91cf%u3002%u8a72%u7b49%u8b49%u5238%u6295%u8cc7%u6700%u521d%u6309%u516c%u5e73%u503c%u5217%u51fa%u3002%u516c%u5e73%u503c%u6703%u5728%u6bcf%u500b%u5831%u544a%u65e5%u671f%u91cd%u65b0%u8a08%u91cf%uff0c%u5176%u50f9%u503c%u5982%u6709%u4efb%u4f55%u8b8a%u52d5%uff0c%u6703%u5728%u5168%u9762%u6536%u76ca%u8868%u5167%u78ba%u8a8d%u3002%u5728%u8b49%u5238%u6295%u8cc7%u51fa%u552e%u5f8c%uff0c%u51fa%u552e%u6536%u76ca%u6de8%u984d%u8207%u5e33%u9762%u503c%u7684%u5dee%u984d%u6703%u8a18%u5165%u5168%u9762%u6536%u76ca%u8868%u3002%u8b49%u5238%u6295%u8cc7%u8cb7%u8ce3%u6703%u5728%u4ea4%u6613%u7576%u65e5%u8a18%u5e33%u3002Securities managed by external fund managers are measured at fair value through surplus or deficit as they are managed, evaluated and reported internally on a fair value basis. Investments in these securities are initially stated at fair value. At each reporting date, the fair value is remeasured and any change in fair value is recognised in the statement of comprehensive income. Upon disposal, the difference between the net sale proceeds and the carrying value is included in the statement of comprehensive income.Purchases and sales of investments in securities are accounted for at trade date.(k) %u5176%u4ed6%u91d1%u878d%u8cc7%u7522 (k) Other financial assets%u5176%u4ed6%u91d1%u878d%u8cc7%u7522%u6700%u521d%u6309%u516c%u5e73%u503c%u78ba%u8a8d%uff0c%u5176%u5f8c%u4ee5%u6524%u92b7%u6210%u672c%u65bc%u6263%u9664%u6e1b%u503c%u640d%u5931%u5f8c%u8a08%u91cf(%u9644%u8a3b 2(l))%u3002%u4e0d%u904e%uff0c%u5982%u5c6c%u61c9%u5f9e%u653f%u5e9c%u6536%u56de%u7684%u514d%u606f%u6b3e%u9805%u548c%u8cc7%u52a9%u81ea%u7f6e%u5c45%u6240%u8a08%u5283%u4e0b%u63d0%u4f9b%u7684%u514d%u606f%u8cb8%u6b3e%uff0c%u6216%u5176%u8cbc%u73fe%u6548%u61c9%u5fae%u4e0d%u8db3%u9053%u7684%u9805%u76ee%uff0c%u5247%u6703%u6309%u6210%u672c%u65bc%u6263%u9664%u6e1b%u503c%u640d%u5931%u5f8c%u5217%u51fa(%u9644%u8a3b 2(l))%u3002Other financial assets are initially recognised at fair value and thereafter measured at amortised cost less impairment losses (Note 2(l)), except for the interest-free amount due from the Government and the interest-free loans made under subsidised home ownership schemes or where the effect of discounting would be immaterial. In those cases, they are stated at cost less impairment losses (Note 2(l)).(l) %u91d1%u878d%u5de5%u5177%u7684%u6e1b%u503c (l) Impairment of financial instruments%u623f%u59d4%u6703%u6839%u64da%u6700%u521d%u78ba%u8a8d%u4ee5%u4f86%u7684%u4fe1%u8cb8%u98a8%u96aa%u8b8a%u5316%uff0c%u8a08%u91cf%u91d1%u878d%u5de5%u5177(%u61c9%u6536%u5e33%u9805%u9664%u5916)%u7684%u9810%u671f%u4fe1%u8cb8%u640d%u5931%uff0c%u4e26%u78ba%u8a8d%u76f8%u61c9%u7684%u640d%u5931%u6e96%u5099(%u5982%u5c6c%u6309%u63ed%u9084%u6b3e%u4fdd%u8b49%uff0c%u5247%u70ba%u64a5%u5099)%u548c%u6e1b%u503c%u640d%u5931%u6216%u56de%u64a5%u3002%u9810%u671f%u4fe1%u8cb8%u640d%u5931%u6309%u4e0b%u5217%u5176%u4e2d%u4e00%u500b%u57fa%u6e96%u8a08%u91cf%uff1aThe Authority measures expected credit losses on financial instruments (other than debtors), and recognises the corresponding loss allowances (provision in the case of mortgage default guarantees) and impairment losses or reversals, based on the change in credit risk since initial recognition. Expected credit losses are measured on either of the following bases:(i) 12 %u500b%u6708%u9810%u671f%u4fe1%u8cb8%u640d%u5931 %uff0d %u9810%u671f%u65bc%u5831%u544a%u65e5%u671f%u5f8c12 %u500b%u6708%u5167%u53ef%u80fd%u767c%u751f%u7684%u9055%u7d04%u4e8b%u4ef6%u6240%u5f15%u81f4%u7684%u640d%u5931%uff1b%u4ee5%u53ca(i) 12-month expected credit losses %u2013 these are losses that are expected to result from possible default events within the 12 months after the reporting date; and(ii) %u5168%u671f%u9810%u671f%u4fe1%u8cb8%u640d%u5931 %uff0d %u9810%u671f%u65bc%u91d1%u878d%u5de5%u5177%u7684%u9810%u671f%u5e74%u9650%u5167%u6240%u6709%u53ef%u80fd%u767c%u751f%u7684%u9055%u7d04%u4e8b%u4ef6%u6240%u5f15%u81f4%u7684%u640d%u5931%u3002(ii) lifetime expected credit losses %u2013 these are losses that are expected to result from all possible default events over the expected life of the financial instrument.%u61c9%u6536%u5e33%u9805%u7684%u640d%u5931%u6e96%u5099%u5247%u6309%u76f8%u7b49%u65bc%u5168%u671f%u9810%u671f%u4fe1%u8cb8%u640d%u5931%u7684%u91d1%u984d%u8a08%u91cf%u3002%u5728%u6bcf%u500b%u5831%u544a%u65e5%u671f%uff0c%u623f%u59d4%u6703%u85c9%u6bd4%u8f03%u91d1%u878d%u5de5%u5177%u65bc%u5831%u544a%u65e5%u671f%u8207%u6700%u521d%u78ba%u8a8d%u65e5%u671f%u5728%u9918%u4e0b%u9810%u671f%u5e74%u9650%u5167%u767c%u751f%u9055%u7d04%u7684%u98a8%u96aa%uff0c%u85c9%u6b64%u8a55%u4f30%u81ea%u6700%u521d%u78ba%u8a8d%u4ee5%u4f86%uff0c%u91d1%u878d%u5de5%u5177%u7684%u4fe1%u8cb8%u98a8%u96aa%u6709%u5426%u986f%u8457%u589e%u52a0%u3002%u5728%u8a55%u4f30%u904e%u7a0b%u4e2d%u8003%u616e%u904e%u5f80%u7684%u5b9a%u91cf%u53ca%u5b9a%u6027%u8cc7%u6599%uff0c%u4ee5%u53ca%u524d%u77bb%u6027%u8cc7%u6599%u3002%u7576%u767c%u751f%u4e00%u9805%u6216%u591a%u9805%u5c0d%u67d0%u91d1%u878d%u8cc7%u7522%u4f30%u8a08%u672a%u4f86%u73fe%u91d1%u6d41%u91cf%u7522%u751f%u4e0d%u5229%u5f71%u97ff%u7684%u4e8b%u4ef6%uff0c%u8a72%u91d1%u878d%u8cc7%u7522%u6703%u88ab%u8a55%u70ba%u4fe1%u8cb8%u6e1b%u503c%u3002Loss allowances for debtors are always measured at an amount equal to lifetime expected credit losses. At each reporting date, the Authority assesses whether there has been a significant increase in credit risk for financial instruments since initial recognition by comparing the risk of default occurring over the remaining expected life as at the reporting date with that as at the date of initial recognition. The assessment considers quantitative and qualitative historical information as well as forward-looking information. A financial asset is assessed to be credit impaired when one or more events that have a detrimental impact on the estimated future cash flows of that financial asset have occurred.- 15 -